SYMBOLISM
Symbolism originated in France, and was part of a 19th-century movement
in which art became infused with mysticism. French Symbolism was both a
continuation of the Romantic tradition and a reaction to the realistic approach
of impressionism. It served as a catalyst in the outgrowth of the darker sides
of Romanticism and toward abstraction.
The term Symbolism means the
systematic use of symbols or pictorial conventions to express an allegorical
meaning. Symbolism is an important element of most religious arts and reading
symbols plays a main role in psychoanalysis. Thus, the Symbolist painters used
these symbols from mythology and dream imagery for a
visual language of the soul.
Not so much a style of art,
Symbolism was more an international ideological trend. Symbolists believed that
art should apprehend more absolute truths which could only be accessed
indirectly. Thus, they painted scenes from nature, human activities, and all
other real world phenomena in a highly metaphorical and suggestive manner. They
provided particular images or objects with esoteric attractions.
There were several, rather
dissimilar, groups of Symbolist painters and visual artists. Symbolism in
painting had a large geographical reach, reaching several Russian artists, as
well as American. The closest to Symbolism was Aestheticism. The
Pre-Raphaelites, also, were contemporaries of the earlier Symbolists, and have
much in common with them. Symbolism had a significant influence on
Expressionism and Surrealism, two movements which descend directly from
Symbolism proper. The work of some Symbolist visual artists directly impacted
the curvilinear forms of the contemporary Art Nouveau movements in Europe and
Les Nabis.
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