Impressionism
(late 1860s - late 1890s)
Impressionism is a movement in French painting, sometimes called optical
realism because of its almost scientific interest in the actual visual
experience and effect of light and movement on appearance of objects.
Impressionist motto - human eye
is a marvelous instrument. Impact worldwide was lasting and huge. The name
'Impressionists' came as artists embraced the nickname a conservative critic
used to ridicule the whole movement. Painting 'Impression: Sunrise' by Claude
Monet fathered derogatory referral. Impressionist fascination with light and
movement was at the core of their art. Exposure to light and/or movement was
enough to create a justifiable and fit artistic subject out of literally
anything. Impressionists learned how to transcribe directly their visual
sensations of nature, unconcerned with the actual depiction of physical objects
in front of them. Two ideas of Impressionists are expressed here. One is that a
quickly painted oil sketch most accurately records a landscape's general
appearance. The second idea that art benefits from a naïve vision untainted by
intellectual preconceptions was a part of both the naturalist and the realist
traditions, from which their work evolved.
Neo-Impressionism (after 1880)
Neo-Impressionism outgrew the
Impressionism. Many Impressionists in the years after 1880 began to reconsider
their earlier approaches or make important adjustments to them. What many of
them found objectionable in their earlier art was not its truth value but its
lack of permanence. Despite the fundamental similarity of conception, later
works differ from earlier works in two fundamental respects. The elements,
especially the figures, are more solidly and conventionally defined, and
composition is more conservative. They moved far from her early commitment to
depicting only contemporary moments. This pattern of rejection and reform was
originated by Georges-Pierre Seurat, who made use of a technique called
pointillism (known as confettiism). This new technique is based on the skillful
putting side by side touches of pure color. The brain then blends the colors
automatically in the involuntary process of optical mixing. Other
neo-impressionists include Camille Pissarro, Paul Signac, Theodoor van Rysselberghe,
and Henry Edmond Cross.
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